{"id":7080,"date":"2021-03-22T09:14:05","date_gmt":"2021-03-22T09:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/?p=7080"},"modified":"2021-03-22T09:15:45","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T09:15:45","slug":"cornell-creates-the-worlds-tiniest-self-folding-origami-bird","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/2021\/03\/22\/cornell-creates-the-worlds-tiniest-self-folding-origami-bird\/","title":{"rendered":"Cornell creates the world\u2019s tiniest self-folding origami bird"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rebelltitem1\" class=\" rebellt-item is--desktop col1\" data-id=\"1\" data-is-image=\"False\" data-href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/technology-innovation\/cornell-origami-bird?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1\" data-published-at=\"1616090535\" data-basename=\"particle-1\" data-post-id=\"2651132648\">\n<p>Cornell University has just announced what may be the smallest origami bird ever folded. While a typical origami animal is the product of an artist&#8217;s dexterous hands, the Cornell bird was folded by the strategic application of small electrical voltages. It had to be: The material of which the bird is comprised is just 30 atoms thick.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7082\" src=\"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Cornell-creates-the-world-tiniest-self-folding-origami-bird-rapidnews-dailyrapid.jpg\" alt=\"Cornell-creates-the-world-tiniest-self-folding-origami-bird-rapidnews-dailyrapid\" width=\"555\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Cornell-creates-the-world-tiniest-self-folding-origami-bird-rapidnews-dailyrapid.jpg 555w, https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Cornell-creates-the-world-tiniest-self-folding-origami-bird-rapidnews-dailyrapid-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Creative expression isn&#8217;t the point of the university&#8217;s little avian \u2014 its construction previews principles and techniques that will lead to new generations of moving, nano-scaled robots that &#8220;can enable smart material design and interaction with the molecular biological world,&#8221;\u00a0says\u00a0Dean Culver of the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command&#8217;s Army Research Laboratory, which supported the research.<\/p>\n<p>According to Cornell&#8217;s\u00a0Paul McEuen, &#8220;We humans, our defining characteristic is we&#8217;ve learned how to build complex systems and machines at human scales, and at enormous scales as well. But what we haven&#8217;t learned how to do is build machines at tiny scales. And this is a step in that basic, fundamental evolution in what humans can do, of learning how to construct machines that are as small as cells.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The lead author of the paper describing the tiny bird is postdoctoral researcher\u00a0Qingkun Liu. The\u00a0paper, &#8220;Micrometer-Sized Electrically Programmable Shape Memory Actuators for Low-Power Microrobotics,&#8221; is the cover story of the March 17 issue of the journal Science Robotics.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nNn4Lpd4uBM\" width=\"693\" height=\"390\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"rebelltitem2\" class=\" rebellt-item is--desktop col1\" data-id=\"2\" data-is-image=\"True\" data-href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/technology-innovation\/cornell-origami-bird?rebelltitem=2#rebelltitem2\" data-published-at=\"1616090535\" data-basename=\"a-minuscule-swarm-of-helpers\" data-post-id=\"2651132648\">\n<h3 data-role=\"headline\">A minuscule swarm of helpers<\/h3>\n<p>The project is the result of a collaboration between physical scientist McEeuen and physicist\u00a0Itai Cohen, both of Cornell&#8217;s College of Arts and Sciences. It&#8217;s already resulted in a (very) small herd of nanoscale machines and devices.<\/p>\n<p>Cohen explains, &#8220;We want to have robots that are microscopic but have brains on board. So that means you need to have appendages that are driven by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, basically a computer chip on a robot that&#8217;s 100 microns on a side.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The idea is that these minuscule workhorses\u2014a metaphor, no nanoscale origami horses yet exist\u2014are released from a wafer, fold themselves into the desired form factor, and then go on about their business. Additional folding would endow them with motion as they work, change shapes to move their limbs and manipulate microscopic objects. The researchers anticipate that these nanobots will eventually be able to achieve similar functionality to their larger brethren.<\/p>\n<div class=\"share-tab-img share-buttons share-trigger\">\n<h3 data-role=\"headline\">How a tiny robot is made and works<\/h3>\n<p>The project combines materials science with chemistry, since the folding is achieved with the strategic deployment of electrochemical reactions. Liu explains, &#8220;At this small scale, it&#8217;s not like traditional mechanical engineering, but rather chemistry, material science, and mechanical engineering all mixed together.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The hard part,&#8221; says Cohen, &#8220;is making the materials that respond to the CMOS circuits. And this is what Qingkun and his colleagues have done with this shape memory actuator that you can drive with voltage and make it hold a bent shape.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The bots are constructed from a nanometer-thick platinum layer that&#8217;s coated with a titanium oxide film. Rigid panels of silicon oxide glass are affixed to the platinum. A positive voltage creates oxidation, forcing oxygen atoms into the platinum seams between the glass panels, and forcing platinum atoms out. This causes the platinum to expand, which bends the entire glass-platinum structure to a desired angle.<\/p>\n<p>Because the oxygen atoms collect to form a barrier, a bend is retained even after the charge is switched off. To undo a fold, a negative charge can be applied that removes the oxygen atoms from the seam, allowing it to relax and unbend.<\/p>\n<p>This all happens very quickly \u2014 a machine can fold itself within just 100 milliseconds. The process is also repeatable. The team reports that a bot can flatten and refold itself thousands of times, and all it takes is a single volt of electricity.<\/p>\n<h3 data-role=\"headline\">Artistry after all<\/h3>\n<p>None of this really removes what one might consider the artistry. Working out how and where to apply voltages to effect the desired shape is not a simple thing to do. McEuen says, &#8220;One thing that&#8217;s quite remarkable is that these little tiny layers are only about 30 atoms thick, compared to a sheet of paper, which might be 100,000 atoms thick. So it&#8217;s an enormous engineering challenge to figure out how to make something like that have the kind of functionalities we want.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Still, the group is getting quite good at microscopic robotics, and has already been awarded the\u00a0Guinness World Record\u00a0for assembling the smallest-ever walking robot. The little 4-legged dude is 40 microns wide and between 40 and 70 microns long. They&#8217;re angling for a new record with their 60-micron-wide origami bird.<\/p>\n<p>Says Cohen, &#8220;These are major advances over current state-of-the-art devices. We&#8217;re really in a class of our own.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cornell University has just announced what may be the smallest origami bird ever folded. While<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The world\u2019s tiniest self-folding origami bird created by Cornell | Rapid News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cornell University has just announced what may be the smallest origami bird ever folded. 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Officials said seven workers at a poultry plant in the south of the country had been infected following an outbreak there in December. \"All seven people... are now feeling well,\" said the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"russia-reports-first-case-of-human-infection-with-H5N8-bird-flu-rapidnews-rapid-news","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/russia-reports-first-case-of-human-infection-with-H5N8-bird-flu-rapidnews-rapid-news-dailyrapid.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1619,"url":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/2021\/01\/15\/fake-us-leg-band-may-get-pigeon-a-reprieve-in-australia\/","url_meta":{"origin":7080,"position":1},"title":"&#8216;Fake&#8217; US leg band may get pigeon a reprieve in Australia","date":"January 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A pigeon that Australia\u00a0declared a biosecurity risk\u00a0may get a reprieve after a US bird organisation declared its identifying leg band was fake. The band suggested the bird found in a Melbourne backyard on Dec 26 was a racing pigeon that had left the US state of Oregon, 13,000 kilometres away,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;World&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"fake-us-leg-pigeons-pigeons-australia-rapidnews-rapid-news-biosecurity-dailyrapidnews","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fake-us-leg-pigeons-pigeons-australia-rapidnews-rapid-news-biosecurity-dailyrapidnews.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17763,"url":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/2022\/06\/01\/european-roller-sighting-in-cornwall\/","url_meta":{"origin":7080,"position":2},"title":"European Roller sighting in Cornwall.","date":"June 1, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"A rare bird seen in the UK \"once every couple of years\" has been spotted in Cornwall. The European Roller is a brightly coloured bird that is mostly found in southern Europe. Crowds of birdwatchers have flocked to a country estate in west Cornwall where the bird was first spotted.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;News&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1513,"url":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/2021\/01\/14\/reeling-from-coronavirus-asias-poultry-farmers-battle-bird-flu-outbreak\/","url_meta":{"origin":7080,"position":3},"title":"Reeling from coronavirus, Asia&#8217;s poultry farmers battle bird flu outbreak","date":"January 14, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Asia\u2019s chicken farmers are confronting the region\u2019s worst bird flu outbreak in years, with the deadly virus affecting farms stretching from Japan to India, roiling some poultry prices and showing no signs of easing. More than 20 million chickens have been destroyed in South Korea and Japan since November. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"Reeling-from-coronavirus-Asia-poultry-farmers-battle-bird-flu-outbreak-rapid-news-rapidnews","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Reeling-from-coronavirus-Asia-poultry-farmers-battle-bird-flu-outbreak-rapid-news-rapidnews.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7775,"url":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/2021\/03\/29\/bird-flu-outbreak-at-farm-results-in-1km-restriction-zone-and-up-to-300-homes-affected\/","url_meta":{"origin":7080,"position":4},"title":"Bird flu outbreak at farm results in 1km restriction zone and up to 300 homes affected","date":"March 29, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A bird flu outbreak at a farm in Cheshire has forced authorities to put a 1km restriction zone in place - affecting up to 300 homes. Workers at the poultry site in Tarporley raised the alarm after noticing some of the birds had become unwell. A multi-agency response has been\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","img":{"alt_text":"Bird-flu-outbreak-at-farm-results-in-1km-restriction-zone-and-up-to-300-homes-affected-rapidnews","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Bird-flu-outbreak-at-farm-results-in-1km-restriction-zone-and-up-to-300-homes-affected-rapidnews.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2126,"url":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/2021\/01\/21\/gulf-leaders-to-visit-balochistan-for-hunting-migratory-birds\/","url_meta":{"origin":7080,"position":5},"title":"Gulf Leaders to Visit Pakistan for Hunting Endangered Migratory Birds","date":"January 21, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Bahraini King Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan will be visiting Pakistan for houbara bustard hunting in Balochistan. Houbara bustard is an internationally protected bird species, whose hunting is banned in Pakistan. It, however, issues special permits to hunt\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Pakistan&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"Gulf-leaders-coming-for-houbara-hunting-rapid-news-rapidnews-dailyrapidnews","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Gulf-leaders-coming-for-houbara-hunting-rapid-news-rapidnews-dailyrapidnews.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7080"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7084,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7080\/revisions\/7084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dailyrapidnews.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}